Quiste hidatídico primario de páncreas: reporte de caso

Introducción. El quiste hidatídico puede localizarse en cualquier órgano del cuerpo. El quiste hidatídico en el páncreas (QHP)se presenta con una prevalencia menor a 1%, la localización más frecuente es la cabeza en 61% a 69%, en el cuerpo y cola en 31% a 39%. No es fácil diferenciar el quiste hidatídico pancreático de otros tumores quísticos del páncreas, por lo que esta patología debe tenerse en cuenta en el diagnóstico diferencial de lesiones quísticas pancreáticas. Caso Clínico. Paciente femenino de 66 años quien desde el año 2016 se encontraba en control por una tumoración quística de la cola pancreática de 1,7 cm, diagnosticada en forma incidental. La paciente cursó asintomática y se controló en forma anual. El año 2021 la lesión alcanzó un tamaño de 4,7 cm. En este contexto se decide la resección quirúrgica por vía laparoscópica. Se resecó una pieza quirúrgica de 8 cm de longitud que incluye la cola del páncreas y el quiste. La histología describe la membrana prolígera y múltiples escólex viables. Conclusión. La localización primaria en la cola del páncreas de un quiste hidatídico confunde el diagnóstico con un tumor quístico mucinoso. El tratamiento quirúrgico actual en los quistes distales debería ser la resección laparoscópica.

Introduction. The hydatid cyst can be located in any organ of the body. The hydatid cyst in the pancreas occurs with a prevalence of less than 1%, the most frequent location is the head in 61% to 69%, the body and tail in 31% to 39%. It is not easy to differentiate the pancreatic hydatid cyst from other cystic tumors of the pancreas, so this pathology must be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions. Clinical Case. The present report discusses a 66-year-old female patient who had been in control since 2016 for a 1.7 cm cystic tumor of the pancreatic tail. The patient was asymptomatic and was controlled annually. In 2021, the lesion reached a size of 4.7 cm. In this context, laparoscopic surgical resection was decided. An 8 cm long surgical specimen was resected, including the tail of the pancreas and the cyst. Histology describes prolific membrane and multiple viable scolexes. Conclusion. The primary location in the tail of the pancreas of a hydatid cyst confuses the diagnosis with a mucinous cystic tumor. The current surgical treatment for distal cysts should be laparoscopic resection.

Morphology of Echinococcus granulosus protoscolex / Morfología de los Protoescolex de echinococcus granulosus

SUMMARY: Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus), is a tapeworm that spreads between intermediate and definitive hosts through the ingestion of fecal matter contaminated with the parasite's eggs. The life cycle consists of differentiation from eggs to oncospheres to embryos, which eventually form cysts in organs like the liver, lungs and others. Within these cysts are protoscolices, an intermediate stage of the parasite which develop into adult tapeworms once they infect their definitive hosts. When these hydatid cysts form in humans, it is known as Cystic Echinococcosis (CE). This disease is treated through surgical excision of the cysts and or chemotherapy with benzimidazole compounds. Understanding the morphology of the intermediate developmental stage of E. granulosus, protoscolex stage, can allow researchers to identify defining structural changes and protein functions that could be used to develop treatment modalities for CE. Unique characteristics in the tegumental surface during the protoescolex stage and proteins associated with cyst fertility have all been identified in previous research studies and bring researchers closer to understanding the underlying mechanisms of E. granulosus development, and consequently, means to disrupt it to achieve better control of the disease.

El Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus), es un cestodo que se propaga entre huéspedes intermedios y definitivos a través de la ingestión de materia fecal contaminada con los huevos del parásito. El ciclo de vida consiste en la diferenciación de huevos a oncosferas y embriones, que finalmente forman quistes en órganos como el hígado, los pulmones y otros. Dentro de estos quistes hay protoescólices, una etapa intermedia del parásito que se convierte en su forma adulta (tenia), una vez que infectan a sus huéspedes definitivos. Cuando estos quistes hidatídicos se desarrollan en seres humanos, se les conoce como equinococosis quística (EC). Esta enfermedad se trata mediante la extirpación quirúrgica de los quistes o la quimioterapia con compuestos benzimidazólicos. La comprensión de la morfología de la etapa de desarrollo intermedia del E. granulosus y la etapa de protosclex, puede permitir a los investigadores identificar cambios estructurales definidos y funciones de proteínas que podrían usarse para desarrollar modalidades de tratamiento para la CE. Las características únicas en la superficie tegumentaria durante la etapa de protoescolex y las proteínas asociadas con la fertilidad del quiste se han identificado en estudios de investigación anteriores y acercan a los investigadores a la comprensión de los mecanismos subyacentes del desarrollo del E. granulosus y, en consecuencia, los medios para interrumpirlo para lograr un mejor control de la enfermedad.

Hidatidosis subcutánea primaria

La hidatidosis o equinococosis quística es una zoonosis parasitaria endémica causada por el estadio larvario del cestode Echinococcus granulosus. El hígado y el pulmón son los órganos con afección más frecuente. Su ubicación subcutánea es una entidad rara, poco descrita, y por ende un reto diagnóstico. Describimos el caso de una mujer, de 18 años de edad, procedente de un área endémica, que presentó un quiste hidatídico primario supraclavicular.

Hydatid disease or cystic echinococcosis is an endemic parasitic zoonosis caused by the larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus, the liver and lung being the most frequently affected organs. Its subcutaneous location is a rare entity, little described, and therefore a diagnostic challenge. We describe the case of an 18-year-old woman from an endemic area who presented with a primary supraclavicular hydatid cyst.

Pulmonary Hydatid without Liver Involvement: A Case Series

Pulmonary hydatid is not a rare disease. But raising a suspicion for its diagnosis is limited. There are limited approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of the same. We present here four cases of pulmonary hydatid, without liver involvement, with emphasis on how it was misdiagnosed and received multiple treatment and landed into complications. Most of our cases presented with cough, sputum and hemoptysis. For these nonspecific signs and symptoms, patient is generally treated on a different line of diagnosis. Two of the cases were already treated for abscess and fungal infection. One of the patients was on antitubercular treatment. One of our cases was secondarily infected with aspergilloma. One of the cases was referred to oncologist to start chemotherapy. Interestingly, to raise a suspicion, none of our cases had liver involvement. A detailed history revealed expectoration of white salty material in sputum, living with sheep and dog and expectorating grape-like vesicles in sputum. History helped us to put hydatid as one of our differentials. Echinococcal serology was positive in three cases. Only three cases had on-table appearance of hydatid cyst. All four cases underwent surgical management for complete cure. There is need for strong suspicion and a detailed history and proper set of investigations help in timely diagnosis and management of pulmonary hydatid disease.

Quiste hidatídico de la glándula tiroides: Reporte de tres casos

Introducción: La enfermedad hidatídica puede desarrollarse en cualquier órgano del cuerpo, siendo las localizaciones más frecuentes el hígado y pulmón, pero ocasionalmente puede afectar a otros órganos como la glándula tiroides. En Chile existen escasas publicaciones previas. El objetivo de este reporte es presentar el diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de tres pacientes portadores de quiste hidatídico de la glándula tiroides. Casos Clínicos: Se refiere a dos mujeres de 9 y 56 años y un paciente de sexo masculino de 56 años, provenientes de la zona rural de la Región de Aysén en la Patagonia, todos enviados por aumento de volumen sintomático de la glándula tiroides. El diagnóstico presuntivo se realizó mediante los antecedentes anamnésticos e imágenes de ultrasonografía. Todos fueron sometidos a tiroidectomía subtotal y a quimioprofilaxis post operatoria con Albendazol por 30 días. La confirmación diagnóstica se realizó mediante el estudio histopatológico. Ninguno ha presentado recurrencia, llevando una de ellas 22 años de seguimiento. Conclusión: Aunque la glándula tiroides rara vez se ve afectada, la enfermedad hidatídica no debe pasarse por alto en el diagnóstico diferencial de lesiones quísticas de la glándula, especialmente en pacientes que viven en regiones donde la enfermedad es endémica.

Introduction: Hydatid disease can develop in any organ of the body, the most frequent locations being the liver and lung, but occasionally it can affect other organs such as the thyroid gland. In Chile there are few previous publications. Aim: The aim of this report is to present the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of three patients with hydatid thyroid cysts. Clinical Cases: Two women, ages 9 and 56, and a 56 year old male patient, referred from Aysén in Patagonia, all of them due to a symptomatic increased volume in thyroid gland. The diagnosis was made through anamnestic history and ultrasound images. All underwent subtotal thyroidectomy and postoperative chemoprophylaxis with Albendazole for 30 days. Diagnostic confirmation was made by histopathological study. None had recurrence, one of them has been followed for 22 years. Conclusion: In conclusion, although the thyroid gland is rarely affected, hydatid disease should not be overlooked in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions of the thyroid gland, especially in patients living in regions where the disease is endemic.

Hydatid cyst involving the mandible ramus

ABSTRACT Parasitic infections rarely involve the oral and maxillofacial regions and pose a diagnostic challenge when they do. Hydatid cysts are parasitic cysts caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Intraosseous involvement is observed in 3% of cases, of which only 2-6% are in the maxillofacial region. A scientific literature search revealed only seven cases involving the mandible. We report a rare case in a 16-year-old female patient who presented with facial asymmetry and well-defined radiolucency of the ramus. Our findings will help in understanding the diagnostic issues caused by non-specific presentation and difficulties in suspecting such a rare diagnosis as echinococcosis of the oral or maxillofacial region. A thorough systemic investigation is essential as 20-30% of these cases show multiorgan involvement.

Hidatidosis quística simulando una neoplasia hepática invasiva / Cystic hydatidosis simulating an invasive hepatic neoplasia

La hidatidosis/equinococosis quística es una infección zoonótica, endémica en muchos países de América del Sur, caracterizada por lesiones hepáticas que radiológicamente pueden simular neo-plasias malignas de aspecto quístico y que, dependiendo del tiempo de evolución y del grado de obstrucción de la vía biliar, pueden cursar con insuficiencia hepática, por lo cual es importante un diagnóstico oportuno. Presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 35 años, sin antecedentes patológicos de importancia, perteneciente a una comunidad indígena y residente de una zona rural de Colombia, quien presentó un cuadro clínico y pruebas de laboratorio sugestivos de obstrucción de la vía biliar, la cual fue confirmada con el hallazgo de una masa hepática quística infiltrante en los estudios imagenológicos, sospechándose inicialmente una etiología neoplásica maligna. El paciente finalmente falleció tras procedimiento quirúrgico, y su estudio histopatológico reveló una hidatidosis quística como diagnóstico definitivo.

Cystic echinococcosis/hydatidosis is a zoonotic infection, endemic in many South American coun-tries, characterized by liver lesions that radiologically can simulate malignant neoplasms with a cystic appearance, and depending on the time of progression and degree of obstruction of the bile duct, can present with liver failure, so a prompt diagnosis is important. We present the case of a 35-year-old male patient, with no significant pathological history, from an indigenous community and resident of a rural area in Colombia, who presented clinical symptoms and laboratory tests suggestive of bile duct obstruction, which was confirmed with the finding of an infiltrating cystic liver mass in imaging studies, initially suspecting a malignant neoplastic etiology. The patient developed a fulminant course after surgery, and the histopathological study revealed cystic hydatidosis as the definitive diagnosis.

揂ir Bubble Sign� and Fibreoptic Bronchoscopy in Complicated Pulmonary Hydatid Cysts: Steps in the Right Direction

Intact pulmonary hydatid cysts are often discovered incidentally on chest X-rays (CXRs) as rounded opaque lesions with smooth borders. Cyst rupture and infection (complicated hydatid cyst) often change the radiologic appearance delaying diagnosis. Air bubble sign on computed tomography is recognized as a sign of high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of complicated hydatid cysts when compared to other classical radiologic signs. Bronchoscopy is not a preferred investigation in patients with intact hydatid cysts but may have a major role in patients with complicated hydatid cysts with atypical presentation. In the present case series, we attempt to highlight the importance of the 揳ir bubble sign� and the identification of a whitish membrane at bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of complicated hydatid cysts.

Isolated renal hydatid cyst; A rarer infectious disease

Hydatid cyst disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus is commonly seen in the liver but rarely seen in the kidneys, in addition, the isolated renal occurrence is estimated to be about as low as 2–4% of all cases. A 38-year-old male presented with ambiguous left flank pain to the urology clinic. After examination and imaging, he was diagnosed with suspected renal cell carcinoma in the left kidney. Nephrectomy was done and ELISA suggested strongly positive for Hydatid cyst which was later confirmed by histopathological examination. Isolated renal hydatid cyst is an exceedingly rare condition and could possibly be misdiagnosed with other renal masses. The clinical history, laboratory tests, and thorough radiologic imaging are crucial, for accurate preoperative diagnosis as the disease may have no symptoms for years.

Estudio morfocuantitativo de protoescólices y otras estructuras fundamentales de Echinococcus granulosus en hospederos humanos / Morphoquantitative study of protoscolices and other fundamental structures of Echinococcus granulosus in human hosts

La equinococosis quística (EQ) a pesar de ser una enfermedad endémica en diversos lugares del planeta, presenta pocos estudios morfológicos y cuantitativos de las estructuras fundamentales del Echinococcus granulosus en humanos, en especial de los protoescólices. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar morfocuantitativamente protoescólices y otras estructuras fundamentales de E. granulosus obtenidos de hospederos humanos. Estudio de corte transversal. Se estudiaron 8 especímenes de EQ hepática humana, aplicando un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se evaluó las capas quísticas, el líquido y la arenilla hidatídica. Las capas fueron fijadas en formaldehido tamponado a 10 % y procesadas para su inclusión en paraplast. Se realizaron cortes de 5 µm de grosor y fueron teñidas con H-E para su análisis con microscopía óptica. El líquido y arenilla fueron centrifugados y al sedimento obtenido se le realizó análisis directo para determinar las medidas morfométricas de los protoescólices y de los ganchos grandes y pequeños. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva. De los 8 quistes estudiados, 6 eran quistes univesicular, uno multivesicular y un quiste abscedado, cuyas capas laminada y germinativa se encontraban bien definidas. Las vesículas prolígeras presentaban forma redondeada con protoescólices en su interior. Los protoescólices invaginados presentaron un largo y ancho promedio de 140,8 ± 34,3 µm y 106,2 ± 29,5 µm, respectivamente; y los desarrollados un largo de 237,2 ± 53,0 µm y ancho de 128,7 ± 32,0 µm. Los ganchos rostelares presentaron contornos suaves distribuidos en dos filas regulares. El promedio del largo total de los ganchos grandes y pequeños fue 20,1 ± 2,7 µm; el promedio del ancho total fue 7,4 ± 1,2 µm. En conclusión, las características morfocuantitativas de los ganchos de E. granulosus en humanos, son distintos a otras especies hospederas intermediarias y de otros Echinococcus spp. Es posible que el abandono del estado de resistencia de los protoescólices invaginado hasta su desarrollo genere implicancias epidemiológicas de interés.

SUMMARY: Although cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an endemic disease in several parts of the world, few morphological and quantitative studies of the fundamental structures of Echinococcus granulosus in humans, especially protoscolices. The aim of this study was to perform a morphoquantitative analysis of protoescolex and other fundamental structures of E. granulosus from human hosts. Cross- sectional study. Eight human hepatic EQ specimens were studied, applying non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Cystic layers, fluid and hydatid grit were evaluated. The layers were fixed in 10% buffered formaldehyde and processed for embedding in paraplast. Slices of 5 µm thickness were made and stained with H-E for light microscopic analysis. The liquid and grit were centrifuged and the sediment obtained was analyzed directly to determine the morphometric measurements of the protoscolices and the large and small hooks. Descriptive statistics were used. Of the 8 cysts studied, 6 were univesicular cysts, one multivesicular and one abscessed cyst, whose lamellar and germinative layers were well defined. The proligerous vesicles had a rounded shape with protoscolices inside. The invaginated protoscolices had an average length and width of 140.8 ± 34.3 µm and 106.2 ± 29.5 µm, respectively; and the developed ones had a length of 237.2 ± 53.0 µm and width of 128.7 ± 32.0 µm. The rostellar hooks presented smooth contours distributed in two regular rows. The average total length of the large and small hooks was 20.1 ± 2.7 µm; the average total width was 7.4 ± 1.2 µm. In conclusion, the morphoquantitative characteristics of E. granulosus hooks in humans are distinct from other intermediate host species and from other Echinococcus spp. It is possible that the abandonment of the resistance state of the invaginated protoscolices until their development generates epidemiological implications of interest.

Quiste hidatídico esplénico: resolución laparoscópica

La hidatidosis esplénica es una entidad rara que representa entre el 0,5 - 6% de las localizaciones abdominales, siendo la tercera localización en frecuencia tras la hepática (50-80%) y pulmonar (25 %)1. La importancia de su conocimiento estriba en la posibilidad de confusión diagnóstica con otros procesos quísticos esplénicos y en la necesidad de un examen completo de los pacientes afectados para descartar otras localizaciones del proceso2,3.

Splenic hydatid disease is a rare entity that represents between 0.5-6 % of abdominal locations, being the third location in frequency after liver (50-80 %) and lung (25 %)1. The importance of its knowledge is based on in the possibility of diagnostic confusion with other splenic cystic processes and in the need for a complete examination of affected patients to rule out other locations of the process2,3.

Giant Hydatid Cyst of Lungs

Introduction: Hydatid disease in humans is caused by zoonotic parasites, after accidental ingestion of food contaminated by ova of Echinococcus granulosus. Giant hydatid cyst of the lung is most commonly seen in children, but it is rare in human adults. The lung is the second most common organ affected by hydatid diseases after the liver in humans. History and radiological findings are usually helpful in diagnosing hydatid cysts, but serology can add to the diagnosis. A small pulmonary cyst may be asymptomatic; however, giant or ruptured cysts may develop fatal complications. The surgical intervention followed by pharmacological therapy is the treatment of choice for giant hydatid cysts of the lungs. Case description: Here, we present a case of giant right-side hydatid cysts, presented with complaints of dyspnea, fever, and hemoptysis. The patient was successfully managed by right thoracotomy with an uneventful postoperative course. Conclusion: Giant hydatid lung cysts can present with any respiratory symptoms with fatal outcomes. Surgery followed by pharmacotherapy is the treatment of choice for giant pulmonary hydatid cysts.

Hydatid Disease — An Overview

Human Hydatid Disease is a growing menace, a parasitic disease present in many countries all over the globe (more than 1 million people are affected throughout the World annually). Tape-worm is the main causative organism.In humans it is prevalent in two forms – Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) [caused by Echinococcus granulosus] and Alveolar Echinococcosis (AE)[caused by Echinococcus multilocularis]. Humans are the accidental intermediate host; they are being affected by drinking water or eating food contaminated with parasite eggs or by direct contact with infected animal hosts like dogs. In humans, the most commonly affected organ is Liver followed by the Lungs. The main investigational tool is Ultrasonography but Computed Tomography (CT) and serological tests are also helpful in the diagnosis of Liver Hydatid Cysts (LHC). Although PAIR technique is the most important modality of therapy along with medical treatment, surgery has got a great role in the management of the entire spectrum of the disease. Nowadays, various Laparoscopic techniques have been safely used to improve the morbidity and mortality associated with the surgical management of the disease, and is the only other therapeutic option used all over the World. Prevention programme includes, public awareness and Education, dog deworming and slaughterhouse hygiene.

Pulmonary tuberculosis with superadded infection of echinococcus and aspergillus

Pulmonary tuberculosis is one of the most common immunosuppressive infections in India, seldom accompanies other parasitic and fungal infections. In our case, we describe the three coexistent infections and their clinical presentation in a 53-year-old woman. A fibro-cavitary lesion in lung with superadded infections of hydatid cyst and aspergillus which is rare has been elaborated in the present case.

Rare Case of Cardiac Hydatitosis and Review of the Literature

Hydatid disease or hydatid cyst results from the tissue development of the hydatid larva of an echinococcus taenia. It is an endemic disease in certain regions of the world such as the Mediterranean basin. We report here the observation of a 39 year old patient with no particular pathological history admitted for pericardial effusion revealing a cardiac hydatid. After clinical and biological explorations we made the diagnosis of a cardiac hydatid located on the inter venticular septum. The patient was put under medical treatment because of the refusal of the surgery

Primary ovarian hydatid cysts: A case series of two cases

Hydatid disease is caused by the adult and the larval stage of tapeworms belonging to the Echinococcus species. The major sites of its infection are the liver and lungs. Rarely, it affects the pelvic region including the ovary, accounting for 0.2–2.25%. The primary ovarian site is a rare finding. We report here a case series of two cases with hydatid cysts as the left ovarian and tubo-ovarian masses. In case 1, a 30-year-old woman complained about lower abdominal pain with swelling and had a 7-month-old child and amenorrhea. Ultrasonographic report exhibited multiple cysts in the ovary. In case 2, a 23-year-old female was having primary left ovarian mass and clinically reported an ovarian dermoid tumor after ultrasound scan and had abdominal lump with pain. Her vital indices were normal. The biopsy was sent for further investigation.

Rare as hen抯 teeth: laparoscopic management of primary pelvic hydatid cyst

Hydatid disease is a zoonotic parasitic disease most frequently caused by echinococcus granulose Primary peritoneal hydatidosisis very rare. We report a case of primary hydatid disease of the intraperitoneal pelvic space.A 22-year-old male patient presented with a history of abdominal pain since 5 months. Abdominal examination revealed a smooth, firm, mildly tender, non-mobile lump in suprapubic region, on digital rectal examination, a smooth spherical mass was felt anteriorly and laterally outside the rectal wall, rectal mucosa was normal. All routine investigations including liver function tests were within normal limits Computed tomography scan of the whole abdomen showed giant cyst of 10� cm with multiple well-defined cysts in rectovesical pouch.Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed. The liver, spleen, mesentery, omentum was found to be normal. A large tense hydatid cyst was noted in the pelvic cavity.Partial peri-cystectomy with endo-cystectomy was performed. Postoperative period was uneventful and patient was discharged on 4th postoperative day.Primary intra-abdominal but extra-peritoneal localization has been reported in only 0.2-2% cases making it a very rare entity.The treatment of choice for pelvic hydatid cyst is principally a careful surgical excision. Here with minimum invasive technique this case was operated and results were excellent

Exosomes and cystic echinococcosis: systematic review / Exosomas y equinococosis quística: revisión sistemática

SUMMARY: Exosomes are small and single-membrane secreted organelles, up to 200 nm in diameter that have the same topology as the cell, but are enriched in proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and glycoconjugates. It can be found in any type of body fluids such as plasma, urine, saliva, sperm, bile, etc. On the other hand, cystic Echinococcosis (CE) has been studied from different points of view, among others, from genomics and proteomics, and the presence of CE exosomes in humans and other intermediate hosts has been reported in very few articles. The aim of this review was to report the evidence available regarding exosomes and CE. Systematic review. Data sources: Trip Database, SciELO, WoS, MEDLINE, EMBASE and SCOPUS. Eligibility criteria: Studies related to CEin any type of host and state of the parasite, without language restriction, published between 1966-2021. Variables: Year of publication, geographical origin, species isolated, location of exosomes. Forty-two studies were initially identified. After scrutinizing titles and abstracts, checking duplications and in-depth analysis of the studies selected, 12 articles including human, bovine, sheep, dog samples were also included. All were case reports or case series. The highest proportion of articles was published between 2019 and 2021 (58.3 %). Publications were predominantly from China (58.3 %). Evidence about exosomes and CE is scarce and reduced range of articles and cases.

RESUMEN: Los exosomas son orgánulos pequeños y secretados por una sola membrana, de hasta 200 nm de diámetro que tienen la misma topología que la célula, pero están enriquecidos en proteínas, ácidos nucleicos, lípidos y glicoconjugados. Se puede encontrar en cualquier tipo de fluidos corporales como plasma, orina, saliva, esperma, bilis, etc. Por otro lado, la equinococosis quística (CE) ha sido estudiada desde diferentes puntos de vista, entre otros, desde la genómica y proteómica, y la presencia de exosomas de CE en humanos y otros huéspedes intermediarios se ha informado en muy pocos artículos. El objetivo de esta revisión fue informar la evidencia disponible con respecto a los exosomas y la CE. Revisión sistemática. Fuentes de datos: Trip Database, SciELO, WoS, MEDLINE, EMBASE y SCOPUS. Criterios de elegibilidad: Estudios relacionados con la EC en cualquier tipo de hospedador y estado del parásito, sin restricción de idioma, publicados entre 1966-2021. Variables: año de publicación, origen geográfico, especie aislada, ubicación de exosomas. Se identificaron inicialmente 42 estudios. Después de examinar los títulos y resúmenes, verificar las duplicaciones y analizar en profundidad los estudios seleccionados, se incluyeron 12 artículos que incluían muestras de humanos, bovinos, ovinos y caninos. Todos fueron informes de casos o series de casos. La mayor proporción de artículos se publicó entre 2019 y 2021 (58,3 %). Las publicaciones fueron predominantemente de China (58,3 %). La evidencia sobre exosomas y CE es escasa y la gama de artículos y casos es reducida.

Application and prospect of Bayesian spatio-temporal model in the study of hydatid disease / 中华地方病学杂志

With the development of computer technology and the abundance of spatio-temporal data, Bayesian spatio-temporal model (BSTM) has been developed rapidly, and wildly used by academics to investigate the spatial epidemiological feature of infectious diseases. Hydatid disease is a global natural focus disease that seriously endangers human health. Its epidemic process is complex and affected by many factors. BSTM provides a new method for study of hydatid disease. By modeling, we can not only analyze the influencing factors of hydatid disease, but also can predict the epidemic trend and make the disease distribution map, which is of great significance to public health decisionmaking. Based on a comprehensive review of the literatures, this paper expounds the principles, types and application status of BSTM in hydatid disease.

A case of echinococcosis in Hunan Province / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Echinococcosis is mainly prevalent in the agricultural and pastoral areas in the northwest of China, but it is relatively rare in Hunan Province. Here, we reported the clinical data of a case of echinococcosis in Hunan Province. The patient was an 11-year-old male, who sought treatment at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University due to abdominal mass. According to the symptoms, signs, and laboratory examinations, he was initially diagnosed as "intra-abdominal mass" and "spleen cyst". Subsequently, he underwent abdominal massive occupying resection and splenectomy. Postoperative pathological examination revealed the cuticle and germinal layer of hydatid and protoscolex, which was consistent with characteristics of echinococcosis. In addition, the serological examination showed that the specific anti-hydatid IgG antibody was positive. Combined with the patient's condition, he was given praziquantel treatment. After a month of follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic.